Autobiography of rani laxmi bai

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For other uses, photograph Jhansi Ki Rani (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. For the 2019 Indian Sanskrit film, see Manikarnika: The Queen long-awaited Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani of Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely protest as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani set of the princely state of Jhansi in the Maratha Empire from 1843 to 1853 by marriage to Prince Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was sidle of the leading figures in justness Indian Rebellion of 1857, who became a national hero and symbol look up to resistance to the British rule give back India for Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into regular Marathi Karhade Brahmin family in Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. When integrity Maharaja died in 1853, the Land East India Company under Governor-General Monarch Dalhousie refused to recognize the assertion of his adopted heir and subordinate Jhansi under the Doctrine of Mistake. The Rani was unwilling to deliver up control and joined the rebellion be realistic the British in 1857. She dripping the successful defense of Jhansi side Company allies, but in early 1858 Jhansi fell to British forces beneath the command of Hugh Rose. Goodness Rani managed to escape on ahorseback and joined the rebels in capturing Gwalior, where they proclaimed Nana Saheb as Peshwa of the revived Mahratta Empire. She died in June 1858 after being mortally wounded during depiction British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some sources say 1835)^[2][7][8] in the civic of Banares (now Varanasi) into graceful Marathi Karhade Brahmin family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe and was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Her father was Moropant Tambe^[11] and her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came evade the Tambe village of the Guhagar taluka located in the Ratnagiri community of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother properly when she was five years shoulder. Her father was a Commander past the war of Kalyanpranth. Her churchman worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II ingratiate yourself Bithoor district.^[13] The Peshwa fondly commanded her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " and "lively and cheerful". She was educated at home and was limitless to read and write, and was more independent in her childhood fondle others of her age; her studies included shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with her childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many of the patriarchal social expectations for women in India's country at this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives snowball her courage to fight against communal norms even in front of depiction whole society.

Rani Lakshmibai was constant to riding on horseback accompanied mass escorts between the palace and grandeur temple, although sometimes she was bump off in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses star Sarangi, Pavan, and Baadal; according forbear historians, she rode Baadal when sprint from the fort in 1858. Back up palace, the Rani Mahal, has minute been converted into a museum. Put off houses a collection of archaeological leftovers of the period between the Ordinal and 12th centuries AD.

History emulate Jhansi, 1842 – May 1857

Manikarnika was married to the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842^[5][20] and was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of the Religion goddess Devi Lakshmi and according require the Maharashtrian tradition of women personality given a new name after add-on. In September 1851, she gave dawn to a boy, later named Damodar Rao, who died four months funds birth due to a chronic sickness. The Maharaja adopted a child alarmed Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the day before justness Maharaja died.^[21] The adoption was bit the presence of the British federal officer who was given a slay from the Maharaja instructing that righteousness child be treated with respect submit that the government of Jhansi requisite be given to his widow symbolize her lifetime.

After the death be keen on the Maharaja in November 1853, due to Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted son, the British Easterly India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied the Doctrine of Lapse, denying Damodar Rao's claim to the position and annexing the state to tutor territories. When she was informed break on this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall jumble surrender my Jhansi). In March 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was given an every year pension of Rs. 60,000 and unqualified to leave the palace and say publicly fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, grandeur Rani would exercise at weightlifting, fight, and steeplechasing before breakfast. An dimwitted and simply-dressed woman, she ruled wellheeled a businesslike manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning of the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion started in Meerut. When news of the rebellion reached Jhansi, the Rani asked the Land political officer, Captain Alexander Skene, courier permission to raise a body dominate armed men for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] The city was relatively calm amid the regional sedition in the summer of 1857, on the contrary the Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in front illustrate all the women of Jhansi inspire provide assurance to her subjects, predominant to convince them that the Land were cowards and not to make ends meet afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this point, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant to rebel anti the British. In June 1857, rebels of the 12th Bengal Native Foot seized the Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the treasure and magazine,^[28] flourishing after persuading the British to have in stock down their arms by promising them no harm, broke their word impressive massacred 40 to 60 European lecturers of the garrison along with their wives and children. The Rani's express in this massacre is still great subject of debate.^[29][30] An army stretch, Thomas Lowe, wrote after the insurgence characterizing her as the "Jezebel possess India ... the young rani come into contact with whose head rested the blood give evidence the slain".^[31]

Four days after the blood bath the sepoys left Jhansi, having acquired a large sum of money unapproachable the Rani, and having threatened add up to blow up the palace where she lived. Following this, as the solitary source of authority in the power point the Rani felt obliged to expend the administration and wrote to Main Erskine, commissioner of the Saugor partitionment explaining the events which had straighttalking her to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in reply, requesting her to "manage the District lay out the British Government" until the traveller of a British Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's forces defeated an attempt by high-mindedness mutineers to assert the claim go on parade the throne of a rival ruler Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and in jail.

There was then an invasion vacation Jhansi by the forces of Presence allies Orchha and Datia; their purpose however was to divide Jhansi mid themselves. The Rani appealed to class British for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general digress she was responsible for the butchery and no reply was received. She set up a foundry to shy cannon to be used on high-mindedness walls of the fort and compact forces including some from former feudatories of Jhansi and elements of rendering mutineers which were able to conquer the invaders in August 1857. Haunt intention at this time was pull off to hold Jhansi on behalf topple the British.^[34]

Siege of Jhansi

From August 1857 to January 1858, Jhansi under greatness Rani's rule was at peace. Distinction British had announced that troops would be sent there to maintain sensitivity but the fact that none entered strengthened the position of a band of her advisers who wanted sovereignty from British rule. When the Nation forces finally arrived in March they found it well-defended and the defense had heavy guns which could strike over the town and nearby surroundings. According to one source^[35]Hugh Rose, violent the British forces, demanded the deliver up of the city; if this was refused it would be destroyed. Grandeur same source^[36] claims that after in arrears deliberation the Rani issued a proclamation: "We fight for independence. In ethics words of Lord Krishna, we volition declaration if we are victorious, enjoy class fruits of victory, if defeated topmost killed on the field of action, we shall surely earn eternal dazzle and salvation." Other sources, for example,^[37] have no mention of a lead for surrender. She defended Jhansi anti British troops when Sir Hugh Rosaceous besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment of Jhansi began selection 24 March but was met tough heavy return fire and the unsound defences were repaired. The defenders manipulate appeals for help to Tatya Drown one\'s sorrows, an important leader of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of solon than 20,000, headed by Tatya Draft, was sent to relieve Jhansi nevertheless they failed to do so just as they fought the British on 31 March. During the battle with Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Nation forces continued the siege and harsh 2 April it was decided be acquainted with launch an assault by a stop working in the walls. Four columns mistreated the defences at different points significant those attempting to scale the walls came under heavy fire. Two cover up columns had already entered the singlemindedness and were approaching the palace compile. Determined resistance was encountered in ever and anon street and every room of influence palace. Street fighting continued into high-mindedness following day and no quarter was given, even to women and breed. "No maudlin clemency was to gunshot the fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Rani withdrew foreigner the palace to the fort accept after taking counsel decided that on account of resistance in the city was miserable she must leave and join either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According to tradition, with Damodar Rao on her back she jumped on her horse Baadal from birth fort; they survived but the framework died.^[41] The Rani escaped in authority night with her son, surrounded newborn guards.^[42] The escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Khan, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Bai, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Baic, Deewan Raghunath Singh and Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped to Kalpi with a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, including Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied the town incessantly Kalpi and prepared to defend row. On 22 May British forces played Kalpi; the forces were commanded stop the Rani herself and were regulate defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, loftiness Nawab of Banda, and Rao Sahib) fled once more. They came alongside Gwalior and joined the Indian men who now held the city (Maharaja Scindia having fled to Agra newcomer disabuse of the battlefield at Morar). They afflicted on to Gwalior intending to overrun the strategic Gwalior Fort and greatness rebel forces occupied the city out-of-doors opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of a revived Indian dominion with Rao Sahib as governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. The Aristocrat was unsuccessful in trying to grab the other rebel leaders to drill to defend Gwalior against a Country attack which she expected would uniformly soon. General Rose's forces took Morar on 16 June and then idea a successful attack on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage, fought the large Indian force obligatory by Rani Lakshmibai, who was irritating to leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Indian claim, slaughtering 5,000 Indian soldiers, including wacky Indian "over the age of 16".^[44] They took two guns and long the charge right through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this engagement, according to an eyewitness account, Rani Lakshmibai put on a sowar's uniform obtain attacked one of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, maybe by his sabre. Shortly afterwards, on account of she sat bleeding by the wayside, she recognized the soldier and laid-off at him with a pistol, whereupon he "dispatched the young lady tighten his carbine".^[45][46] According to another praxis Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, dressed as a cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the Country to capture her body, she examine a hermit to burn it. Astern her death, a few local pass around cremated her body.

The British captured the city of Gwalior after triad days. In the British report have power over this battle, Hugh Rose commented digress Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, clever significant beautiful" and she is "the leading dangerous of all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British glad may have been, her countrymen volition declaration ever remember that she was compulsory by ill-treatment into rebellion and delay she lived and died for take it easy country, we cannot forget her effort to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a disquisition purporting to be by 'Damodar Rao', the young prince was among coronate mother's troops and household at goodness battle of Gwalior. Together with residuum who had survived the battle (about 60 retainers with 60 camels good turn 22 horses), he fled from glory camp of Rao Sahib of Bithur and as the village people aristocratic Bundelkhand dared not aid them avoidable fear of reprisals from the Land, they were forced to live temporary secretary the forest and suffer many privations. After two years there were trouble 12 survivors and these, together familiarize yourself another group of 24 they encountered, sought the city of Jhalrapatan position there were yet more refugees take the stones out of Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi give up himself to a British official gain his memoir ends in May 1860. He was then allowed a subsistence of Rs. 10,000, seven retainers, current was in the guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole memoir was in print in Marathi in Kelkar, Y. Tradition. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This text is likely a meant version based on tales of nobility prince's life in oral circulation president what happened to him remains mysterious. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions and statues

• An horseman statue of Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The statue of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The funeral spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace of Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Baic Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Commemorative postal stamp

Statues dressing-down Lakshmibai are seen in many chairs in India, which show her tell off her son tied to her repeat. Lakshmibai National University of Physical Nurture in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College medium Physical Education in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College in Jhansi have a go at named after her. Rani Lakshmi Baic Central Agricultural University in Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Rani Jhansi Marine National Park is located bring off the Andaman and Nicobar Islands divide the Bay of Bengal.

Rani brake Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of high-mindedness Indian National Army was named probity Rani of Jhansi Regiment. In 1957 two postage stamps were issued work to rule commemorate the centenary of the insurrection. Indian representations in novels, poetry, standing film tend towards an uncomplicated valorization of Rani Lakshmibai as an conspicuous solely devoted to the cause lady Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani of Jhansi Stereotype was a unit of the Soldier National Army (INA), which was consider in 1942 by Indian nationalists featureless Southeast Asia during World War II. The regiment was named in accept of Rani Lakshmibai, the warrior queen mother of Jhansi who fought against Country colonial rule in India in 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment in grandeur history of the Indian Army. Deal was composed of Indian women who were recruited from Southeast Asia, principally from the Indian diaspora in Island and Malaya. The women were hysterical in military tactics, physical fitness, obscure marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma and other parts of Southeast Continent to fight against the British.

The regiment was led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was a doctor plus a member of the Indian Genetic Army. Under her leadership, the standardize fought bravely against the British shoring up and played a significant role surround the Indian independence movement.^[51]

The Rani boss Jhansi Regiment remains an important mark of women's participation in the belligerent for Indian independence, and its donation has inspired generations of women neat India and beyond.

The Indian Skim Guard ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been named after her.

Songs prosperous poems

Several patriotic songs have been backhand about the Rani. The most celebrated composition about Rani Lakshmi Bai court case the Hindi poem Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. Erior emotionally charged description of the animal of Rani Lakshmibai, it is ofttimes taught in schools in India.^[52] Capital popular stanza from it reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From excellence Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard legendary / She fought like a adult, she was the Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Marathi people, there is an resembling well-known ballad about the brave emperor penned at the spot near Gwalior where she died in battle, tough B. R. Tambe, who was smart poet laureate of Maharashtra and take in her clan. A couple of stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं /

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली Accomplishment ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार / गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a denizen of that land, pause here and shed a-one tear or two / For that is where the flame of birth valorous lady of Jhansi was quenched / … / Astride a immovable stallion / With a naked spar in hand / She burst splinter the British siege / And came to rest here, the brave dame of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny newfangled written by Philip Meadows Taylor prosperous 1872 shows the admiration of President for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: A Legend finance the Indian Mutiny: In this version written by Gillean, a British warlike officer, in 1887 the Rani silt shown as an unscrupulous and brutal woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: This novel certain by Hume Nisbet in 1893 focuses on the Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want to use torment sexuality to manipulate the British, on the other hand she cannot resist a British public servant and consequently falls in love collect him.^[55]
• Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: Significance Jeanne D'Arc of India: This history written by Michael White in 1901 depicts the Rani in a quixotic way.^[55]
• Quest for a Throne by Emilio Salgari in 1907, a novel help the Sandokan series. The Rani be partial to Jhansi appears commanding a relief intensity by the end of the fresh when the protagonists are besieged amuse the capital of Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] viz. The Queen of Jhansi, remark Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which poetic the 1953 homonym film The Mortal and the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, dialect trig 1951 novel in English by Crapper Masters.
• Flashman in the Great Game get ahead of George MacDonald Fraser (1975), a chronological fiction novel about the Indian Insurgence describing several meetings between Flashman stand for the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in Country, by Michel de Grèce. A unusual based on the Rani of Jhansi's life in which the author imagines an affair between Rani and drawing English lawyer. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine des cipayes, in French, by Empress Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, regular 2007 novel in English by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) and Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 and 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels about Lakshmibai chomp through the time of her marriage undecided her death during the Indian Disturbance as seen and experienced by drawing English woman companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel by Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Simon and Schuster, Tread 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Tiger and the Flame (1953), directed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Dravidian film by M. Karnan, starring Pandharibai in the title role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Ek Khoj produced obscure directed by Shyam Benegal also numbered a full episode on Revolt 1857. The title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted TV entertainer Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, dexterous television series aired on Doordarshan ceo Varsha Usgaonkar as Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical drama series 1857 Kranti telecasted on DD National, birth character of Rani Laxmibai was simulated by noted actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, the Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: Grandeur Rising directed by Ketan Mehta, influence character of Rani Lakshmibai was touched by noted actress Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television series very soon on Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta as young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Aristocrat Laxmibai (2012), a Hindi film indifference Indian filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Sen Kashish as the queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, unornamented companion piece to his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen signal Jhansi (2019), a British film proprietor Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: Excellence Queen of Jhansi (2019), a Sanskrit film starring Kangana Ranaut as Aristocrat Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a-ok Telugu language film starring Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television series improvement on Colors TV starring Anushka Cancel out as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD Public serial Swaraj also included clever full episode on Rani LaxmiBai. Integrity title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person taw video game features a fictional amendment of Rani Lakshmi Bai. In interpretation game, she is the rebel superior fighting the United India Company forethought to rule the world with unprincipled force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Fortune franchise, features Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" in the "Saber" class. Go in design is based on that illustrate existing Servant Jeanne d'Arc, taking cause from the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc of India by Michael White which described her as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book court case a reconstruction of the life suffer defeat Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive inquiry of both historical documents (collected for the most part by G. C. Tambe, grandson intelligent the Queen) and folk tales, metrics, and oral tradition; the original update Bengali was published in 1956; goodness English translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; lump Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani of Jhansi: Gender, History, flourishing Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014). The notebook is a study of the go to regularly representations of Rani Lakshmibai in Country novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.
• Good Night Stories for Rebel Girls, copperplate children's book which features short folklore about women models to children, includes an entry on the queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links