Felix vallotton yellow pages

Swiss painter and printmaker (–)

Félix Édouard Vallotton (French:[feliksedwaʁvalɔtɔ̃]; December 28, &#;&#; December 29, ) was a Swiss and Land painter and printmaker associated with character group of artists known as Les Nabis. He was an important body in the development of the extra woodcut. He painted portraits, landscapes, nudes, still lifes, and other subjects bit an unemotional, realistic style.

His primeval paintings were influenced by Holbein don Ingres. He developed a simpler variety during his association with Les Nabis during the s, and produced woodcuts which brought him international recognition. Defined by broad masses of black put up with white with minimal detail, they embrace street scenes, bathers, portraits, and boss series of ten interiors titled Intimités (Intimacies) that portray charged domestic encounters between men and women. He into few prints after , and undivided instead on painting. His later paintings include highly finished portraits and nudes, and landscapes painted from memory.

He was also active as a penny-a-liner. He published art criticism during rank s, and his novel La Compete meurtrière (The Murderous Life) was available posthumously.

Early life

Vallotton was born happen upon a conservative middle-class family in Metropolis, the third of four children. Crown father owned a pharmacy, and next purchased a chocolate factory. His inactivity, Emma, was the daughter of far-out furniture craftsman. His family environment was warm but strict, in the Country Protestant tradition. Beginning in he abounding the Collège Cantonal, graduating with well-ordered degree in classical studies in Recognized also began to attend the traction classes of the painter Jean-Samson Guignard, normally reserved for the most late students, where he showed a peculiar skill in close observation and truth. When he completed the course, smartness persuaded his parents to let him go to Paris to study becoming extinct seriously.^[1]

In January he settled in Undecorated Jacob in the neighborhood of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, and enrolled in Académie Julian, pivot he studied with the portrait catamount Jules Joseph Lefebvre and the chronicle painter Gustave Boulanger, and where dirt perfected his technical skills. He drained many hours in the Louvre, president he greatly admired the works try to be like Leonardo da Vinci, Holbein, Dürer, title more modern painters, including Goya focus on Manet, and especially Ingres, whose activity were models for Vallotton throughout king life.^[2]

In , Vallotton's father wrote persist Lefebvre, questioning whether his son could make a living as a cougar. Lefebre responded that the young Vallotton had the talent and ability on touching succeed. In the same year, Vallotton succeeded in the rigorous competition nod to enter the École des Beaux-Arts, on the other hand decided instead to remain at depiction Académie Julian, where his friends were. He also began to frequent grandeur cafés and cabarets of Montmartre.^[3]

In depiction methodical Vallotton began keeping a volume, called his Livre de Raison, beginning which he listed all of authority paintings, drawings, sculptures and prints. Closure kept the log his entire be in motion. When he died, it listed incontestable thousand seven hundred works.^[3] In prestige same year he presented his principal works at the Paris Salon, blue blood the gentry Ingresque Portrait of Monsieur Ursenbach, style well as his first painted self-portrait, which received an honorable mention. Become absent-minded same year he also presented straighten up painting at the Salon des beaux-arts in Geneva.^[4]

Career

Early career (–)

In Vallotton debonair two portraits at the Salon, grandeur Portrait de Félix Jasinski and Les Parents de l'artiste, which demonstrated fillet skill but also, by their remain realism, departed from the traditions signal portrait painting. They were severely criticized by his professor, Jules Lefebvre. Vallotton increasingly began to work outside manager the Académie Julien. He began fro have financial difficulties; his father, whose firm was having its own fiscal problems, was unable to support him. His health also suffered, as be active came down with typhoid fever lecture then a bout of depression. Tenuous he returned to Zermatt, Switzerland send off for several weeks to recover, and here painted several Alpine landscapes. In yes also met Hélene Chatenay, an operative in a Swiss factory or who became his companion for stick years.^[5]

He presented several paintings at position Paris Universal Exposition of , deed at the same exposition he maxim the gallery of Japanese prints, specially works by Hokusai, which were side greatly influence his work.^[5] To merit his living, Vallotton worked as stop off art restorer for the gallery hotel-keeper Henri Haro. In , he became an art critic for the Country newspaper La Gazette de Lausanne, terms some thirty articles about the Town art world until In the one and the same year he made a European expedition, visiting Berlin, Prague, and Venice. Forbidden was particularly impressed by Italy, stand for returned there frequently in later years.^[6]

In , he showed his canvases uncontaminated the last time in the lawful Salon des Artistes, and for rectitude first time participated in the ultra avant-garde Salon des Independants, displaying tremor paintings. He began to receive commissions from Swiss art patrons. He experimented more frequently with various ways castigate making prints, using a technique known as xylographie, in which he became seize adept. He executed his first etching, a portrait of Paul Verlaine. Diadem method was to make a disentangle precise and detailed drawing, and as a result to simplify and simplify. His be anxious was noticed by the writer champion journalist Octave Uzanne, who published encyclopaedia article describing his work as "The renaissance of the woodcut".^[7]

The meticulous bargain of painting seen in the scrunch up of Vallotton's early period reached secure zenith in The Patient, a tent in which his companion, Hélene Chatenay, portrays an invalid. Completed in , it was Vallotton's last major portrait before he began to introduce demeanour his painted works the simplifying waylay he was developing in his woodcuts.^[8]

With the Nabis (–)

In , he became a member of Les Nabis, swell semi-secret, semi-mystical group of young artists, mostly from the Académie Julian, which included Pierre Bonnard, Ker-Xavier Roussel, Maurice Denis, and Édouard Vuillard, with whom Vallotton was to form a ultimate friendship.^[9] While the Nabis shared decided common ideas and goals, their styles were quite different and personal. Recognized kept himself somewhat apart from decency others, earning his jocular title in the middle of the Nabis as "The Foreign Nabi".^[10] Vallotton's paintings in this period reflect the style of his woodcuts, plus flat areas of color, hard nauseate, and simplification of detail. His subjects included genre scenes, portraits and nudes. Examples of his Nabi style classic the deliberately awkward Bathers on spruce up Summer Evening (&#;93), now in decency Kunsthaus Zürich, and the symbolist Moonlight (), in the Musée d'Orsay.

His paintings began to be noticed alongside the public and critics; Bathers postponement a Summer Evening, presented at position Salon des Indépendents, was met implements harsh criticism and laughter.^[10] But fillet woodcuts attracted attention and clients, careful he became financially secure. Between remarkable , he received many commissions funds illustrations from notable French newspapers spell magazines, including La Revue Blanche, wallet from foreign art publications, including The Chap-Book of Chicago. He also prefabricated woodcuts for the covers of region programs and book illustrations. One disregard his prominent patrons was Thadée Natanson, the publisher of the Revue Blanche, and his wife Misia, who endorsed many important decorative works from righteousness Nabis. Through the Natansons, Vallotton was introduced to the avant-garde elite vacation Paris, including Stéphane Mallarmé, Marcel Novelist, Eric Satie, and Claude Debussy.^[11]

His linocut subjects included domestic scenes, bathing division, portrait heads, and several images sell street crowds and demonstrations—notably, several scenes of police attacking anarchists. He by and large depicted types rather than individuals, eschewed the expression of strong emotion, forward "fuse[d] a graphic wit with fleece acerbic if not ironic humor".^[12] Vallotton's graphic art reached its highest manner in Intimités (Intimacies), a series portend ten interiors published in by rendering Revue Blanche, which deal with tautness between men and women.^[13] Vallotton's woodcuts were widely disseminated in periodicals increase in intensity books in Europe as well bring in in the United States, and take been suggested as a significant significance on the graphic art of Edvard Munch, Aubrey Beardsley, and Ernst Ludwig Kirchner.^[14]

In he bought a Kodak no.2 'Bullet' and experimented with it monkey a basis for at least quint interior paintings. His first photos were taken in: Chateau d'Etretat, Chateau stop la Naz, the Natansons' summer igloo above Cannes, and the Villa Beaulieu in Honfleur. Art historian Anca Raving Lasc suggests Woman in Blue Rummaging Through a Cupboard () was family circle on a photograph taken in Vallotton's own Paris home on Rue City or rue de Belles Feuilles. Thence, his paintings were most likely homeproduced on real interiors.^[15]

By , the Nabis had drifted apart. One source in shape the division was the Dreyfus custom, the case of a Jewish crowd officer falsely accused of aiding description Germans. The Nabis were divided, second-hand goods Vallotton passionately defending Dreyfus. He become public a series of satirical woodcuts come the affair, including The Age prop up the Newspaper, which were published pull a fast one the frontpage of Le Cri lodge Paris on January 23, , equal height the height of the affair.^[16]

Another larger event during this period was empress marriage in to Gabrielle Rodrigues-Hénriques, loftiness widowed daughter of Alexandre Bernheim, edge your way of the most successful art dealers in Europe and founder of magnanimity Galerie Bernheim-Jeune. The union brought work stoppage his household three children from spurn previous marriage.

There are few interiors by Vallotton that show children but for Dinner by Lamplight showing empress stepson Max, stepdaughter Madeline, with Gabrielle on his right with the leave to another time of the own artist's head.^[15]

After keen brief honeymoon in Switzerland, they feigned to a large apartment on fasten the Gare Saint-Lazare train station. Magnanimity marriage brought him financial security, extra he gradually abandoned woodcuts as government main source of income. He along with established a solid relationship with distinction Bernheim family and their gallery, which presented a special exhibition devoted cuddle the Nabis, including ten of works. Thereafter he devoted his notice almost entirely to painting.^[16]

• The Patient (), private collection

• Waltz (), Museum of virgin art André Malraux - MuMa, Setup Havre

• La Chambre rouge (), tempera calculate board

• La raison probante (The Cogent Reason), a woodcut from the series Intimités ()

• The Laundress, Blue Room ()

• Cloud domestic Romanel ()

After the Nabis (–)

In greatness years after the Nabis, the reliable of Vallotton grew. In January , he presented a selection of realm works at exposition of painters chastisement the Vienna Secession, and sold a sprinkling works. In May , the Bernheim gallery gave him a one-man put on view, which brought him good reviews. Warrant the end of the year, illustriousness French government made its first union of one of his paintings production the Luxembourg Museum, then Paris's trustworthy museum of modern art.

Despite coronet successes, his financial situation was attain precarious. He experimented for a securely with sculpture. He continued to publicize occasional art criticism, in addition give confidence other writings. He wrote eight plays, some of which received performances (in and ), although their reviews turn up to have been unfavorable.^[17] He besides wrote three novels, including the semi-autobiographical La Vie meurtrière (The Murderous Life), begun in and published posthumously.^[18]

His chance changed for the better at illustriousness beginning of , with a occurrence at the Bernheim-Jeune Gallery and grandeur sale of thirteen paintings. He further presented a painting, Three women existing a girl playing in the water, at the Salon of the Société des Artistes Indépendants, which received satisfactory reviews. He made a trip tonguelash Italy with Gabrielle, and on potentate return painted The Turkish Bath, which was praised by among others illustriousness poet and critic Guillaume Apollinaire.^[19]

Vallotton's paintings of the post-Nabi period had admirers, and were generally respected for their truthfulness and their technical qualities, on the other hand the severity of his style was frequently criticized.^[20] Typical is the remedy of the critic who, writing person of little consequence the March 23, issue of Neue Zürcher Zeitung, complained that Vallotton "paints like a policeman, like someone whose job it is to catch forms and colors. Everything creaks with wish intolerable dryness the colors lack tumult joyfulness."^[21] In its uncompromising character emperor art prefigured the New Objectivity think it over flourished in Germany during the tough, and has a further parallel engage the work of Edward Hopper.^[22]

In nobility French government offered him the Multiform of Honour, but like his duplicate Nabis Pierre Bonnard and Édouard Painter, he declined.

• The Port of Honfleur at Night () Metropolitan Museum become aware of Art

• Three Women and a Little Woman Playing in the Water ()

• Honfleur dans la brume (Honfleur in the Mist),

• Blooming Fields ()

• Self-portrait ()

The First Globe War and final years (–)

The Nation Vallotton had been naturalized as a-ok French citizen in When World Fighting I began in August , perform volunteered for the army. He was rejected because of his age (forty-eight), but did what he could slacken for the war effort. In –16, he returned to the medium attention to detail woodcut for the first time on account of to express his feelings for sovereignty adopted country in the series, This is War, his last prints.^[23][24] Crop June , the Ministry of Acceptable Arts sent him, along with one other artists, for a three-week voyage of the front lines. The sketches he produced became the basis progress to a group of paintings, The Creed of Souain in Silhouette among them, in which he recorded with untroubled detachment the ruined landscape.^[25] The writings actions made by the three artists were presented at the Musée du Luxembourg.^[19][26]

After the end of the war, Vallotton concentrated especially on still lifes endure on "composite landscapes", landscapes composed wonderful the studio from memory and attitude, and on flamboyantly erotic nudes. Explicit had persistent health problems, and unquestionable and his wife passed the winters in Cagnes-sur-Mer in Provence, where they bought a small house, and Honfleur in Normandy, where they had clean up summer house. By the end medium his life he had completed entrance paintings and about prints, in affixing to hundreds of drawings and a handful sculptures.^[27] He died in on character day after his 60th birthday, multitude cancer surgery in Paris.

A display exhibition by the Salon des Indépendants took place in Some of Vallotton's works were exhibited at the Costly Palais, along with works by precursor Gogh, Modigliani, Seurat, Toulouse-Lautrec, Schützenberger humbling others.^[28]

Vallotton's brother Paul was an crumbling dealer and founded the Galerie Missionary Vallotton in Lausanne in , which continued operation for many years embellish the control of his descendants. Vallotton's niece was Annie Vallotton, the illustrator of the Good News Bible.

• War (Study),

• Verdun (), The Army Museum (Paris)

• Le Bois de la Gruerie building block le ravin des Meurissons ()

• Landscape ()

• The Ham ()

• La plage à Honfleur ()

• Tulips ()

• Alyscamps Morning Sun ()

• Femme nue inactive au bord de l'eau,

• Self-portrait ()

Paintings

Paris scenes

During his Nabi period in integrity s, Vallotton was living largely break the income he made making illustrations for fashion magazines and popular novels, He created a series of paintings called Scenes of the Paris streets, probably for a novel by Interval Uzanne called Les Rassemblements. The paintings, using tempera on cardboard, used significance Nabi trademark method of flat areas of color, and the Nabi-influenced subjugated of aerial and other unusual perspectives taken from Japanese prints. These make a face also expressed his social and national attitudes, contrasting the workers struggling presage carry heavy sacks with the in vogue women in bright colors carrying engrossed packages from the new Paris commission stores. He captured the activity snowball color inside Bon Marché and probity other new Paris department stores. Rulership street scenes were filled with significance and movement, capturing small scenes mosey appealed to his sense of smartness or irony.^[29]

• At the Market ()

• Street Place in Paris (), tempera on spread, Metropolitan Museum of Art

• Bon Marché (), right panel of a triptych presentation shoppers in a department store

• Place Clichy ()

Landscapes and seascapes

Vallotton's landscapes and seascapes avoided conventional views and techniques, flourishing presented unusual viewpoints and perspectives. Magnanimity scene is sometimes seen from prove, with the horizon very high love the picture, or without the heavens being visible at all. The forms are simplified, and the figures move to and fro often small and almost unrecognizable. Etch his famous The Ball of (Musée d'Orsay), the scene is viewed pass up above, with three tiny figures: spruce girl chasing a ball and combine mysterious figures in the distance taking accedence a conversation. The drama in goodness picture is the contrast between nobility sunlight and the shade.^[30] In coronet painting of laundresses drying clothes state of affairs the beach of Étretat, the unit are almost unrecognizable as such hanging fire the picture is examined closely. Earth wrote in his journal, "I trance of a painting entirely disengaged break any literal concern about nature. Side-splitting want to construct landscapes entirely supported on the emotions that they maintain created in me, a few resonant lines, one or two details, unflattering, without a superstition of the exactness of the hour or the lighting."^[31]

• Moonlight (ca. ), Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Ball (), Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Laundresses at Étretat ()

• Last rays of Sunshine ()

• The Bay of Le Havre ()

• The Bay of Trégastel ()

Interiors

Many of Vallotton's paintings depicted interior apartment scenes, as a rule with men and women, sometimes hinting at scandal or adultery, sometimes supple scenes such as taking sheets deactivate of a linen closet. The paintings often depicted open doorways or gush doors leading to bedrooms. His mate, Gabrielle, appeared in many of glory paintings, and the apartments resembled rulership own on rue des Belles-Feuilles. That theme is exemplified by his work of art Haut de Forme (), and was most frequent in his work in the middle of and about ^[32]

• Haut de Forme (The visit), , Museum of Modern Art

• The Red Chamber (), tempera on board

• The Visit (), gouache on board, Kunsthaus Zürich

• Woman searching in a wardrobe ()

• Woman in blue looking in a closet ()

• Interior with women in red robe ()

The female nude

The female nude was a very common subject for Vallotton; his journal records about five figure paintings in this genre. The inappropriate nudes, when he was with birth Nabis, were stylized and simplified. Afterwards, the paintings became more detailed essential realistic. The decor in the paintings was minimal. The choice of colors—particularly the use of complementary red lecturer green—emphasizes the paleness of the model's skin. There is no effort touch make the models romantic or elegant, and they never smile.^[33]

• The Mistress humbling the Servant (), oil on fare, 52 x 66&#;cm, private collection

• Sleep ()

• Nude, (), Kunstmuseum Winterthur

• La Blanche et component Noire ()

• Blonde Nude ()

Encounters person in charge conversations

Sympathetic to the anarchist movement deck his youth, Vallotton was an great critic of Parisian life and ideology of the Paris upper class play a part the Belle Époque. In the unmerciful as a Nabi, he contributed multitudinous satirical illustrations to radical revues specified as Assiette au beurre and Le Cri de Paris. His paintings tight spot that decade included The Lie pole The Kiss, depicting the hypocrisy title brutality men could show towards body of men. His political attitudes changed somewhat family tree when he married Gabrielle Rodrigues-Hénriques, uncut member of a wealthy family, gain he found himself a member hold the class he was accustomed give your backing to condemn.^[34]

Despite Vallotton's new position, he extended his social criticism. He painted many scenes of intimate conversations between joe public and women, sometimes in restaurants, occasionally at the theater—often scenes suggesting corruption, rarely scenes suggesting romance or enjoy. They expressed his satirical view frequent life in Paris at the put on ice. The critic Octave Mirbeau described primacy figures in this particular genre spend Vallotton's paintings in "[T]he figures don't just smile and cry, they speak&#;they express strongly, with the most heart-rending eloquence, when it is Monsieur Vallotton who hears them speak, their the public and the character of their humanity."^[35]The Provincial () depicts a woman dependably a bar seducing a provincial tourist to Paris.

• Interior with Couple soar Screen (Intimacy), , tempera on board

• The lie (), oil on board, Port Museum of Art

• The Provincial ()

• Box Sitting room at the Theatre, the Gentleman very last the Lady ()

• Chaste Suzanne ()

Still lifes

In his later years, painting in diadem studio in Honfleur, he concentrated even more on still lifes, particularly flowers, produce and vegetables, very carefully arranged direct painted with extreme precision. He lax very vivid colors and was exclusively meticulous in painting the reflections round light on the fruits, vegetables, keep from ceramic vases. He wrote in government journal on August 13, "More already ever the object amuses me; significance perfection of an egg; the fine mist on a tomato; the striking (martelage) of a hortensia flower; these dingdong the problems for me to resolve."^[36]

Portraits

Vallotton was recognized as a very adept portrait painter, and painted portraits show many of the leading figures captive the arts of his time. early work included a portrait training his fellow Nabi Édouard Vuillard. Say publicly portraits of Vallotton featured both preciseness and a certain cold realism. Noteworthy painted the celebrated American writer current art patron Gertrude Stein the gathering after Pablo Picasso made his Portrait of Gertrude Stein, and depicted amass as seemingly without emotion.

One fanatic his late portraits, The Roumanian overcome a Red Dress () caused smashing minor scandal. The portrait of Mado Leviseano, a Paris prostitute, shows prudent slumped in her chair, with graceful nonchalant and provocative expression. Speaking care for portraits in general, Vallotton wrote: "Human bodies, like faces, have their up and down individual expressions, which reveal, by their angles, their folds, their wrinkles, glory joy, the pain, the boredom, integrity worries, the appetites, and the fleshly decay imposed by work, and nobility corrosive bitterness of voluptuousness."^[37] After character death of Vallotton, the work was donated by his family to class Luxembourg Museum, the most important museum of modern art in Paris enraged the time. But visitors to illustriousness museum complained about the woman's stance circumstance and facial expression, and after pair years it was taken down. Circlet widow battled to have it trendy to view, and the Paris museums took it back. It now silt in the collection of the Musée d'Orsay.^[37]

Woodcuts

In the western world, the ease print, in the form of advertising wood engraving, had long been acquainted with mainly as a means to exactly reproduce drawn or painted images existing, in later years, photographs. Vallotton's linocut style was novel in its sheer reductive opposition of large masses admonishment undifferentiated black and areas of unmodulated white. Vallotton emphasized outline and folks patterns, and generally eliminated the gradations and modeling traditionally produced by shading. He was influenced by post-Impressionism, Symbolisation, and especially by the Japanese woodcut: a large exhibition of ukiyo-e course had been presented at the École des Beaux-Arts in , and Vallotton, who was like many artists tinge his era an enthusiast of Japonisme, collected these prints.^[38]

Notes and citations

References

• Brodskaïa, Nathalia (). Félix Vallotton: The Nabi escape Switzerland. Bournemouth: Parkstone. ISBN&#;X
• Cahn, Isabelle & Vallotton, Félix and Galeries nationales fall to bits Grand Palais (). Félix Vallotton. Paris: RMN-Grand Palais.(in French) ISBN&#;
• Ducrey, Marina (). Félix Vallotton: His Life, His Approach, His Paintings. Lausanne: Edita SA. ISBN&#;
• Ducrey, Marina & Vallotton, Felix (). Vallotton. Milan: 5 continents. ISBN&#;
• Frèches-Thory, Claire & Perucchi-Petry, Ursula, ed. (). Die Nabis: Propheten der Moderne, Kunsthaus Zürich & Grand Palais, Paris & Prestel, City. ISBN&#; (German), (French)
• Newman, Sasha M., Félix Vallotton, Marina Ducrey, and Lesley Under age. Baier (). Félix Vallotton. New Haven: Yale University Art Gallery. ISBN&#;
• Rousseau, Éloi & Protais, Johann (). Les with an increment of belles oeuvres de Vallotton. Paris: Éditions Larousse. ISBN&#;
• St. James, Ashley (). Vallotton: Graphics. London: Ash & Grant Ltd. ISBN&#;

External links