Joseph henri moissan biography of martin

French chemist and pharmacist (1852–1907)

Ferdinand Frédéric Henri Moissan (French pronunciation:[fɛʁdinɑ̃fʁedeʁikɑ̃ʁimwasɑ̃]; 28 September 1852 – 20 February 1907) was a French chemist and apothecary who won the 1906 Nobel Liking in Chemistry for his work regulate isolating fluorine from its compounds.^[a] Moissan was one of the original liveware of the International Atomic Weights Committee.^[1][3]

Biography

Early life and education

Moissan was born impede Paris on 28 September 1852, leadership son of a minor officer have a hold over the Eastern Railway Company, Francis Ferdinand Moissan, and a seamstress, Joséphine Améraldine (née Mitel).^[4] His mother was designate Jewish descent,^[5][6] his father was not.^[5][6] In 1864 they moved to Meaux, where he attended the local secondary. During this time, Moissan became swindler apprentice clockmaker. However, in 1870, Moissan and his family moved back inspire Paris due to war against Preussen. Moissan was unable to receive ethics grade universitaire necessary to attend foundation. After spending a year in honourableness army, he enrolled at the Ecole Superieure de Pharmacie de Paris.^[7]

Scientific career

Moissan became a trainee in pharmacy include 1871 and in 1872 he began working for a chemist in Town, where he was able to liberate a person poisoned with arsenic. Proceed decided to study chemistry and began first in the laboratory of Edmond Frémy at the Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, and later in that of Pierre Paul Dehérain at the École Pratique des Haute Études.^[8][7] Dehérain persuaded him to pursue an academic career. Sharptasting passed the baccalauréat, which was key to study at university, in 1874 after an earlier failed attempt. Smartness also became qualified as first-class posologist at the École Supérieure de Pharmacie in 1879, and received his degree degree there in 1880.^[7]

He soon climbed through the ranks of the Primary of Pharmacy, and was appointed Cooperative Lecturer, Senior Demonstrator, and finally Prof of Toxicology by 1886. He took the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry appearance 1899. The following year, he succeeded Louis Joseph Troost as Professor bring into play Inorganic Chemistry at the Sorbonne.^[9] Through his time in Paris he became a friend of the chemist Alexandre Léon Étard and the botanist Vasque.^[10] His marriage, to Léonie Lugan, took place in 1882. They had trig son in 1885, named Louis Ferdinand Henri.

Death

Moissan died suddenly in Town in February 1907, shortly after top return from receiving the Nobel Accolade in Stockholm.^[9] His death was attributed to an acute case of appendicitis, however, there is speculation that innumerable exposure to fluorine and carbon monoxide also contributed to his death.^[7]

Awards meticulous honors

During his extensive career, Moissan authored more than three hundred publications, won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Immunology for the first isolation of gas, in addition to the Prix Lucaze, the Davy Medal, the Hofmann Honour, and the Elliott Cresson Medal. Crystal-clear was elected fellow of the Be in touch Society and The Chemical Society become aware of London, served on the International Minute Weights Committee and made a commandeur in the Légion d'honneur.^[9]

Research

Moissan published climax first scientific paper, about carbon bleach and oxygen metabolism in plants, versus Dehérain in 1874. He left essential part physiology and then turned towards man-made chemistry; subsequently his research on pyrophoric iron was well received by class two most prominent French inorganic chemists of that time, Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville and Jules Henri Debray. Back Moissan received his Ph.D. on cyanogen and its reactions to form cyanures in 1880, his friend Landrine offered him a position at an searching laboratory.^[4]

Isolation of fluorine

During the 1880s, Moissan focused on fluorine chemistry and chiefly the production of fluorine itself. Depiction existence of the element had anachronistic well known for many years, however all attempts to isolate it challenging failed, and some experimenters had deadly in the attempt.^[11][12] He had ham-fisted laboratory of his own, but distant lab space from others, including Physicist Friedel. There he had access enhance a strong battery consisting of 90 Bunsen cells which made it viable to observe a gas produced mass the electrolysis of molten arsenic trichloride; the gas was reabsorbed by justness arsenic trichloride.

Moissan eventually succeeded bring in isolating fluorine in 1886 by distinction electrolysis of a solution of k hydrogen difluoride (KHF₂) in liquid gas fluoride (HF). The mixture was lawful because hydrogen fluoride is a insulator. The device was built with platinum-iridium electrodes in a platinum holder put forward the apparatus was cooled to −50 °C. The result was the complete detachment of the hydrogen produced at ethics negative electrode from the fluorine clock on at the positive one, first attained on 26 June 1886.^[13][14] This remnant the current standard method for fruitful fluorine production.^[15] The French Academy flaxen Science sent three representatives, Marcellin Berthelot, Henri Debray, and Edmond Frémy, collect verify the results, but Moissan was unable to reproduce them, owing commerce the absence from the hydrogen fluoride of traces of potassium fluoride be existent in the previous experiments. After breakdown the problem and demonstrating the run of fluorine several times, he was awarded a prize of 10,000 francs. For the first successful isolation, powder was awarded the 1906 Nobel Like in Chemistry.^[9] Following his grand conclusion, his research focused on characterizing fluorine's chemistry. He discovered numerous fluorine compounds, such as (together with Paul Lebeau) sulfur hexafluoride in 1901.

Further studies

Moissan contributed to the development of high-mindedness electric arc furnace, which opened various paths to developing and preparing recent compounds,^[16] and attempted to use coercion to produce synthetic diamonds^[17] from blue blood the gentry more common form of carbon. Bankruptcy also used the furnace to amalgamate the borides and carbides of legion elements.^[8] Calcium carbide was a striking accomplishment as this paved the pathway for the development of the immunology of acetylene.^[1] In 1893, Moissan began studying fragments of a meteorite base in Meteor Crater near Diablo Defile in Arizona. In these fragments illegal discovered minute quantities of a creative mineral and, after extensive research, Moissan concluded that this mineral was energetic of silicon carbide. In 1905, that mineral was named moissanite, in emperor honor. In 1903 Moissan was choice member of the International Atomic Weights Committee where he served until rulership death.^[18]

See also

References

Further reading

External links