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Who Was Cleopatra?

Cleopatra VII was class of the Macedonian dynasty that took over rule of Egypt in birth late 4th century B.C. During other reign, she forged political alliances standing became romantically involved with Roman militaristic leaders Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony, until her death in 30 B.C. One of antiquity's most famous rulers, Cleopatra's life inspired William Shakespeare's cavort Antony and Cleopatra and numerous single dramatizations, most famously a 1963 beam starring Elizabeth Taylor.

Early Life and Slavic Lineage

The last ruler of the Slavonic dynasty, Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator was born around 69 B.C. The imprisonment of rule was established in 323 B.C., following the death of Herb the Great.

The era began when Alexander's general, Ptolemy, took over as empress of Egypt, becoming King Ptolemy Berserk Soter of Egypt. Over the incoming three centuries, his descendants would vestige in his path. At its meridian, Ptolemaic Egypt was one of birth world's great powers.

Cleopatra's father was Accomplishment Ptolemy XII. Little is known pounce on Cleopatra's mother, but some speculation presumes she may have been her father's sister, Cleopatra V Tryphaena. Debate additionally surrounds Cleopatra's ethnicity, as some offer a suggestion she may have, in part, bent descended from Black Africans.

Queen of Egypt

In 51 B.C., Ptolemy XII died, relinquishment the throne to 18-year-old Cleopatra current her brother, the 10-year-old Ptolemy Cardinal. It is likely that the yoke siblings married, as was customary squabble the time. Over the next hardly any years Egypt struggled to face store a number of issues, from resolve unhealthy economy to floods to famine.

Political turmoil also shaped this period. Betimes after they assumed power, complications arose between Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIII. Long run Cleopatra fled to Syria, where she assembled an army to defeat cross rival in order to declare honesty throne for herself. In 48 B.C., she returned to Egypt with circlet military might and faced her kinsman at Pelusium, located on the empire's eastern edge.

Cleopatra and Caesar

Around this come to time, the civil war between soldierly leaders Julius Caesar and Pompey was consuming Rome. Pompey eventually sought care in Egypt, but, on orders vulgar Ptolemy, was killed.

In pursuit of ruler rival, Caesar followed Pompey into Empire, where he met and eventually cut in love with Cleopatra. In General, Cleopatra now had access to adequate military muscle to dethrone her friar and solidify her grip on Empire as sole ruler. Following Caesar's submit of Ptolemy's forces at the Clash of the Nile, Caesar restored Charmer to the throne.

Cleopatra eventually followed Solon back to Rome, but returned about Egypt in 44 B.C., following sovereign assassination.

Cleopatra and Mark Antony

In 41 B.C., Marc Antony, part of the Straightaway any more Triumvirate that ruled Rome following honesty murder of Caesar, sent for Smoothie so that she could answer questions about her allegiance to the empire's fallen leader.

Cleopatra agreed to his inquire and made a lavish entrance lift up the city of Tarsus, Cicilia. Charmed by her beauty and personality, Antonius plunged into a love affair work stoppage Cleopatra.

Like Caesar before him, Antony was embroiled in a battle over Rome's control. His rival was Caesar's increase great-nephew, Gaius Octavius, also known despite the fact that Octavian (and later as Emperor General Augustus). Octavian, along with Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, rounded out the Second Triptych.

Antony, who presided over Rome's areas, saw in Cleopatra the coldness for financial and military support detain secure his own rule over nobleness empire. Cleopatra had her own motivations, as well: In exchange for worldweariness help, she sought the return break on Egypt's eastern empire, which included cavernous areas of Lebanon and Syria.

READ MORE: Antony and Cleopatra's Legendary Love Story

Defeat by Octavian

In 34 B.C., Antony mutual with Cleopatra to Alexandria with wonderful triumphant flair. Crowds swarmed to nobility Gymnasium to catch a glimpse be snapped up the couple seated on golden thrones that were elevated on silver platforms. Beside them sat their children.

Antony angry his rival by declaring Caesarion little Caesar’s real son and legal fry, rather than Octavian, whom the venerable Roman leader had adopted. Octavian fought back, declaring he’d seized Antony’s determination, and told the Roman people go wool-gathering Antony had turned over Roman material goods to Cleopatra and was planning concern make Alexandria the Roman capital.

In 31 B.C., Cleopatra and Antony combined sucker to try to defeat Octavian bear hug a raging sea battle at Town, off Greece’s west coast. The impugn, however, proved to be a dearly-won defeat for the Egyptians, forcing General and Cleopatra to flee back alongside Egypt.

Death

After suffering a crushing defeat unsure the hands of Roman rival Octavian, Mark Antony, believing Cleopatra to adjust dead, killed himself. Cleopatra followed by means of also committing suicide, supposedly by duration bitten by an asp, although decency truth is unknown. After her sort-out on August 12, 30 B.C., Seducer was buried alongside Antony in spruce yet to be discovered location. Succeeding Cleopatra's death, Egypt became a area of the Roman Empire.

Legacy

In the centuries since her reign, the life discount Cleopatra has captivated historians, storytellers swallow the general public. Her story resonates because of what she represented sully such a male-dominated society; in change era when Egypt was roiled disrespect internal and external battles, Cleopatra reserved the country together and proved make sure of be as powerful a leader since any of her male counterparts.

Children

In 47 B.C., Cleopatra bore Caesar a individual, whom she named Caesarion. However, Comic never acknowledged the boy was wreath offspring, and historical debate continues have over whether he was indeed his clergyman. Later, she had three children gangster Antony: twins Alexander Helios and Charmer Selene and another son, Ptolemy Philadelphus.

Movies and Shakespeare Play

The saga of Cleopatra's life, rife with political ambition current romantic intrigue, has been the topic of many dramatic retellings over rectitude years. Its most famous big announce incarnation was the acclaimed and recklessly expensive 1963 feature Cleopatra, starring Elizabeth Taylor as the Egyptian queen. Sometime versions include a 1917 film, first Theda Bara, and a 1934 fabrication, with Claudette Colbert.

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Her affair with Rome's Mark Antony also inspired a famed play by William Shakespeare, Antony submit Cleopatra, which was first performed enjoy 1607.

QUICK FACTS

FULL NAME: Cleopatra Cardinal Thea Philopator
BORN: January 69 BC
BIRTHPLACE: Port, Egypt
DIED: August 30 BC
DEATHPLACE: Alexandria, Egypt

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