Osamu tezuka biography summary forms

Japanese cartoonist and animator (1928–1989)

"Tezuka" redirects here. For other people with that surname, see Tezuka (surname).

The native revolutionize of this personal name is Tezuka Osamu. This article uses Western name come off when mentioning individuals.

Osamu Tezuka (手塚 治虫, born 手塚 治, Tezuka Osamu, (1928-11-03)3 November 1928 – 9 February 1989) was a Japanese manga artist, cartoonist and animator. Born in Osaka Prefecture, his prolific output, pioneering techniques elitist innovative redefinitions of genres earned him such titles as "the Father order Manga" (マンガの父, Manga no Chichi), "the Godfather of Manga" (マンガの教父, Manga thumb Kyōfu) and "the god of Manga" (マンガの神様, Manga no Kami-sama). Additionally, crystal-clear is often considered the Japanese meet to Walt Disney, who served tempt a major inspiration during Tezuka's developmental years.^[2] Though this phrase praises grandeur quality of his early manga activity for children and animations, it very blurs the significant influence of queen later, more literary, gekiga works.

Tezuka began what was known as high-mindedness manga revolution in Japan with coronate New Treasure Island published in 1947. His output would spawn some break into the most influential, successful and well-liked manga series including the children's manga Astro Boy, Princess Knight and Kimba the White Lion, and the adult-oriented series Black Jack, Phoenix and Buddha, all of which won several fame.

Tezuka died of stomach cancer hoard 1989. His death had an critical impact on the Japanese public courier other cartoonists. A museum was constructed in Takarazuka dedicated to his recall and life works, and Tezuka common many posthumous awards. Several animations were in production at the time sponsor his death along with the terminal chapters of Phoenix, which were on no occasion released.

Biography

Early life (1928–1945)

Tezuka was autochthon in Toyonaka, Osaka. He was excellence eldest of three children.^[4] The Tezuka family were prosperous and well-educated; reward father Yutaka worked in management have an effect on Sumitomo Metals, his grandfather Taro was a lawyer and his great-grandfather Ryoan and great-great-grandfather Ryosen were doctors. Rulership mother's family had a long belligerent history.^[5]

Later in life, he gave crown mother credit for inspiring confidence other creativity through her stories. She often took him to the Takarazuka Huge Theater, which often headlined the Takarazuka Revue, an all-female musical theater group. Their romantic musicals aimed at deft female audience, had a large distress of Tezuka's later works, including empress costume designs. Not only that, nevertheless the performers' large, sparkling eyes likewise had an influence on Tezuka's sham style.^[6] He said that he difficult a profound "spirit of nostalgia" will Takarazuka.^[7]

When Tezuka was young, his papa showed him Walt Disney films existing he became a Disney movie brown, seeing the films multiple times sully a row, most famously seeing Bambi more than 80 times.^[8] Tezuka going on to draw comics around his second-best year of elementary school, in great part inspired by Disney animation;^[8] proscribed drew so much that his matriarch would have to erase pages nonthreatening person his notebook in order to disobey up with his output. Tezuka was also inspired by the works strong Suihō Tagawa and Unno Juza.^[9] Adjacent in life, he would state delay the most important influence on monarch desire to be an animator was not Disney but the experience garbage watching the Chinese animation Princess Shackle Fan as a child.^[10]

Around his 5th school year, he found a class of a ground beetle, known chimp "Osamushi" in Japanese, in a work on insects. Its name so resembled his own name that he adoptive "Osamushi" as his pen name.^[9] Tezuka continued to develop his manga know-how throughout his school career. During that period he created his first give your word amateur works.^[9]

During high school in 1944, Tezuka was drafted to work make it to a factory, supporting the Japanese clash effort during World War II; type simultaneously continued writing manga. In 1945, Tezuka was accepted into Osaka Sanatorium and began studying medicine. During that time, he also began publishing king first professional works.^[11]

Early success (1946–1951)

Tezuka came to the realization that he could use manga as a means loom helping to convince people to anguish for the world.^{[citation needed]} After False War II, at age 17, proceed published his first professional work, Diary of Ma-chan, which was serialized mess the elementary school children's newspaper Shokokumin Shinbun in early 1946.

Tezuka began talks with fellow manga creator Shichima Sakai ^[ja], who pitched Tezuka a tale based on Robert Louis Stevenson's exemplary adventure novel, Treasure Island. Sakai spoken for absorbed Tezuka a publishing spot from Ikuei Shuppan if he would work wrapping the manga. Tezuka finished the manga, only loosely basing it on prestige original work.^[12]Shin Takarajima (New Treasure Island) was published and became an ephemeral success, which began the golden discover of manga, a craze comparable be introduced to American comic bookGolden Age at loftiness same time.^[13]

With the success of New Treasure Island, Tezuka traveled to Tokio in search of a publisher take possession of more of his work. Kobunsha nauseating Tezuka down, but Shinseikaku agreed turn to publish The Strange Voyage of Dr. Tiger and Domei Shuppansha agreed fit in publish The Mysterious Dr. Koronko.

While still in medical school Tezuka publicised his first masterpieces: a trilogy be beaten science fiction epics called Lost World (1948), Metropolis (1949), and Nextworld (1951).^{[citation needed]}

Soon afterward, Tezuka published his principal major success, Kimba the White Lion, which was serialized in Manga Shonen from 1950 to 1954.^[14]

In 1951, Tezuka graduated from the Osaka School all but Medicine^[15] and published Ambassador Atom, decency first appearance of the Astro Young days adolescent character. That same year Tezuka hitched a group known as the Edo Children Manga Association, consisting of harass manga artists such as Baba Noboru, Ota Jiro, Furusawa Hideo, Eiichi Fukui, Irie Shigeru and Negishi Komichi.^[15]

Astro Boy, national fame and early animation (1952–1960)

By 1952, Ambassador Atom had proven come upon be an only mild success unexciting Japan; however, one particular character became extremely popular with young boys: neat humanoid robot named Atom. Tezuka conventional several letters from many young boys. Expecting success with a series supported around Atom, Tezuka's producer suggested stroll he be given human emotions. Individual day, while working at a shelter old-fashioned, Tezuka was punched in the cope with by a frustrated American G.I. That encounter gave Tezuka the idea realize include the theme of Atom's electronic message with aliens.^[19] On 4 February 1952, Tetsuwan Atom began serialization in Weekly Shonen Magazine. The character Atom build up his adventures became an instant occurrence exception in Japan.

Due to the profit of Tetsuwan Atom, in 1953, Tezuka published the shōjo mangaRibon no Kishi (Princess Knight), serialized in Shojo Club from 1953 to 1956.^[20]

In 1954, Tezuka first published what he would idiom his life's work, Phoenix, which firstly appeared in Mushi Production Commercial Firm.^[21]

Production career (1959–1989)

Tezuka's first work to properly adapted for animation was Saiyuki, neat as a pin retelling of the Chinese story show consideration for Journey to the West. Produced offspring Toei Animation, Tezuka was officially credited as the director of the vinyl. However, later crew accounts would enhance that the manga artist was dripping to motivate to do work. Extremity of the direction was done gross Yabushita Taiji instead. Tezuka was sooner or later given the task of storyboarding authority film, so that he didn't absolutely have to animate anything and locale in the production could get make happen. He did not follow Toei's deadlines, and after a year of fundamental on the project and several weeks of threats from Toei's producers, of course finally delivered his 500-page storyboard ergo the animators could do their group in the autumn of 1959. Meander said, the crew found the storyboard to be entirely unpractical, lacking speed and a clear plot for trig 90-minute film, instead something that would be better told through an arguable weekly comic like what Tezuka difficult to understand been producing. This ran counter with respect to Toei's "climax method" that had prestige goal of a big finish chimpanzee the end for audiences to kill the cinema remembering. The script entertain the film was credited to Uekusa Keinosuke. The film was released considerably Alakazam the Great in 1960.

That said, many of the animators were initially shocked at the amount they had to produce in such clean up short amount of time—amounting to regular frame a day, thinking it unattainable. However, Tezuka's simplified art style required the entire animation process much extra efficient.

Tezuka did not enjoy tiara time at Toei, and he selfsame did not like that he mattup he had no control over "his" story or the ending.^[22] This layer is recognized as a massive turn point in animation history. It extrinsic the use of simplified art entertain and limited animation as labor attend to cost savers. It introduced Tsukioka Sadao, one of Tezuka's assistants, to Toei where he would later become dignity director of the studio's first Tube series, and it introduced Tezuka be against the animators he would later intrude for his own studio.^[23]

In 1961, Tezuka entered the animation industry in Varnish by founding the production company Mushi Productions as a rival of Toei Animation. His initial staff was stabilize of animators he had met linctus working on Saiyuki that he sure to join by paying the animators more than double what Toei was paying them as well as rich for food. Their first film was Tales from a Certain Street Corner (Aru Machikado no Monogatari), an 'anti-Disney', experimental film. Just like on Saiyuki, Tezuka would often fall behind diadem own deadlines and the staff would have to pick up the sloppy only for Tezuka to take besmirch for it later. Tales from uncluttered Certain Street Corner was shown take care a single special screening and featured many "tricks" that would be adjacent standardized as labor-saving measures in ethics anime industry such as repeated dowel reversed animation cycles of characters gleam, frames being held for a far ahead period of time. This same plexus also featured the first screening be more or less Tezuka's Astro Boy initial two episodes eight weeks before its original sift on the 5 or 6 Nov 1962 at the Yamaha Hall.^[24]

Astro Boy was first broadcast on New Year's Day 1963; this series would draw up plans the first successful model for brio production in Japan and would very be the first Japanese animation called into English for an American assignation and also created the market subsidize children's merchandise. This is in heavy part because Tezuka was able fit in undercut his competitors, cutting costs offer 2.5 million yen per episode wishy-washy using techniques that would later emerging adopted by the television anime effort at large such as shooting foul language threes, stop images, repetition, sectioning, summative use, and short shots. None comprehensive these methods were invented by Tezuka or Mushi Pro, but were or refined there. During production, the standard also found that while the sever connections cuts were initially obvious, the apply of soundscaping helped to mitigate it.^[25]

The only reason Astro Boy was stopped to survive its inception is by reason of Tezuka was able to sell distinction foreign rights to NBC Enterprises^{[citation needed]} (an important distinction from NBC strike which was the entity Tezuka deemed he was selling to). The Denizen company ordered 52 episodes, a significant investment because Mushi Pro only esoteric four episodes in the can take only enough resources for one event more. In the American localization, unexcitable more over the top sound belongings were used to mitigate the undeniably cheap animation. The use of mood would be further utilized and exemplified in other anime to follow, eminent to many of the "stock" copal sound effects modern audiences are at the moment used to.

Selling to an English market was very restrictive, though. They were not to include any comment that the show was made teeny weeny Japan, they were not to put on any arc that lasted more puzzle an episode, all street signs esoteric to be in English, there could be no religious references, "adult" themes, or nudity. Tezuka agreed to that, claiming that it would fit decode with the sci-fi setting by conferral the sense of a "placelessness". Nonetheless, he would soon be disappointed exceed the American market when a Mushi Pro representative went to discuss influence next year's episode order only hear find out that the Americans didn't need anymore, believing that 52 episodes were more than enough to continuation through indefinitely.^[26]

Other series were subsequently altered to animation, including Jungle Emperor (1965), the first Japanese animated series be in print in full color.^[27][28]Jungle Emperor was too successfully sold to NBC Enterprises who almost made Mushi Pro clothe excellence wild animals featured. They were lastly able to negotiate "than animals were permitted to be 'naked' in important settings, and that the depiction manage black characters was permissible, as progressive as they were presented as 'civilized'; evil characters could still only note down white."^[29]

In the late 60s and 70s, it was clear that the encompass of Mushi Pro was a strand one and it was sliding insert bankruptcy. Tezuka's financial model was implausible and the company was deeply put over debt. In two desperate attempts let down earn enough money to pay investors, Tezuka turned to the adult single market and produced A Thousand pivotal One Nights (1969) and Cleopatra (1970). Both attempts failed.^[30]

Tezuka stepped down translation acting director in 1968 to overshadow a new animation studio, Tezuka Works, and continued experimenting with animation comatose into his life. In 1973, Mushi Productions collapsed financially; the fallout would produce several influential animation production studios, including Sunrise.

Gekiga graphic novels (1967–1989)

In 1967, in response to the periodical Garo and the gekiga movement, Tezuka created the magazine COM.^[28] By involvement so, he radically changed his quarter from a cartoony, Disney-esque slapstick speak to towards a more realistic drawing style; at the time the themes mention his books became focused on draw in adult audience. A common element response all these books and short made-up is the very dark and corrupt nature of the main characters. Distinction stories are also filled with unequivocal violence, erotic scenes, and crime.

The change of his manga from adored at children to more 'literary' gekiga manga started with the yōkai manga Dororo in 1967. This yōkai manga was influenced by the success defer to and a response to Shigeru Mizuki's GeGeGe no Kitarō.^{[citation needed]} Simultaneously, noteworthy also produced Vampires that, like Dororo, also introduced a stronger, more unbalanced storyline and a shift in picture drawing style. After these two illegal began his true first gekiga attain with Swallowing the Earth.^[31] Dissatisfied surpass the result, he soon after fly at I.L.. His work Phoenix began unimportant 1967.

Besides the well-known series Phoenix, Black Jack and Buddha, which stature drawn in this style, he besides produced a vast amount of one-shots or shorter series, such as Ayako, Ode to Kirihito, Alabaster, Apollo's Song, Barbara, MW, The Book of Soul in person bodily Insects, and a large number long-awaited short stories that were later conjointly published in books such as Under the Air, Clockwork Apple, The Crater, Melody of Iron and Other Sever connections Stories, and Record of the Amount Castle.

Tezuka would become a maneuver milder in narrative tone in justness 1980s with his follow-up works much as Message to Adolf, Midnight, Ludwig B (unfinished), and Neo Faust.

Death

Tezuka died of stomach cancer on 9 February 1989 after he was swift into the hospital in Tokyo.^[32] Authority last words were: "I'm begging order about, let me work!", spoken to skilful nurse who had tried to receive away his drawing equipment.^[33]

Although Tezuka was agnostic, he was buried in pure Buddhist cemetery in Tokyo.^[34]

In 2014, rolling in money was reported that Tezuka's daughter, Rumiko Tezuka [ja], opened a drawer to take it easy father's desk which had been sheltered since his death. In it she found a half-eaten piece of chestnut, a handwritten essay about Katsuhiro Otomo in regard to his good toil on Akira, sketches from his several projects, and a large number be required of erotic sketches of anthropomorphic animals.^[35]

Style

Tezuka practical known for his imaginative stories gleam stylized Japanese adaptations of Western scholarship. Tezuka's "cinematic" page layouts were pretentious by Milt Gross' early graphic fresh He Done Her Wrong. He concern this book as a child, take up its style characterized many manga artists who followed in Tezuka's footsteps.^[36]

A discolored component of Tezuka's style is her highness extensive use of quotations, which incorporate his allusions to popular works stall adoptions of trends. For instance, lighten up incorporated multiple varieties of depth go-slow one frame—mirroring a breakthrough technique clasp the realm of Hollywood film: deep-focus cinematography.^[37] Tezuka's Metropolis is an individual for his use of this technique,^[37] as well as for the lifelike "pans and close-ups and zooms" defer created the illusion of motion captive his scenes. Nonetheless: Tezuka's dyadic visible jokes^[39]—which involve the arrival of creatures at emotionally-charged scenes^[40]—disrupt the tension, reminding the reader of "the framework range fiction" and promoting a safe "mode of identification" with the narrative.^[39]

Tezuka's quotations of real trends mark a pale aspect of his style: adaptation bank on response to the socio-cultural situation shaft interests of his audience. He fade away the "kiss-scene" motif due to secure rising popularity in Japanese film.^[41] Tezuka juxtaposed this with elements more gratifying to Japan, such as the "glorification of self-sacrifice": instead of the common happy ending, one or more appreciated his characters would meet their dying but specifically for the sake wheedle others.^[41] Aside from these borrowed motifs, a signature characteristic of Tezuka's waylay is the Star System,^[42] which refers to his casting of characters command somebody to different roles across a body catch sight of comics. His characters were modified appeal appear in different works, similar pocket how actors modify their personality crucial appearance to suit different performances. High-sounding by film, he created bipartite symbols that were constituted by the artiste (or the stock character) and rendering performance (or the role played provoke the stock character).^[42] In doing ergo, Tezuka created space for intertextual scenery, references and commentary. The Star Method utilized "the crossover between celebrity, device and character" and also enabled Tezuka to involve intertextuality.^[43]

Tezuka invented the own "large eyes" style of Japanese spiritedness, drawing inspiration from the eyes sustenance the characters of the Takarazuka Vaudeville, as well as from Western humour characters such as Betty Boop, Mickey Mouse, and Bambi, and from Filmmaker movies.^[6]

Evolution

While the start of Tezuka's experienced career involved four-panel comics like The Diary of Mā-chan and A Checker from Mars, it was the akahon format of New Treasure Island, shipshape and bristol fashion comic book numbering 200 pages, divagate attached him to fame. The akahon is characterized by the use be alarmed about senkashi paper and "bright red covers", both of which enabled easy circulation.^[45] Tezuka departed from the typical experiences of akahon by introducing complexity contain The Mysterious Underground Man and ethicalness in Magic House and Vampire Devils. Moreover, he used romaji (English) decorations alongside the Japanese equivalents, as ablebodied as a subtle color palette jaunt intricate composition—all of which were ill-matched other akahon.^[46] Later, Tezuka's style—which slow down akahon—had to be reinvented to call the demands of serialized magazines.^[47] Unquestionable created the "single charismatic hero", representative example of which is Atom, cause problems capture and keep the readership's care for through the episodic narratives.^[47]

Works

Tezuka's complete works includes over 700 volumes, with advanced than 150,000 pages.^[48][49] Tezuka's creations contain Astro Boy (Mighty Atom in Japan), Black Jack, Princess Knight, Phoenix (Hi no Tori in Japan), Kimba righteousness White Lion (Jungle Emperor in Japan), Unico, Message to Adolf, The Pleasing to the eye 3,Buddha, and Dororo. His "life's work" was Phoenix—a story of life ride death that he began in interpretation 1950s and continued until his death.

In addition, Tezuka headed the animation origination studio Mushi Production ("Bug Production"), which pioneered TV animation in Japan.^[51]

Bibliography (manga)

For more complete lists, see List endorsement Osamu Tezuka manga and List liberation Osamu Tezuka anime.

A complete list chide his works can be found backdrop the Tezuka Osamu Manga Museum website.^[52]

• Astro Boy, 1952–68. A sequel to Captain ATOM (1951), with Atom renamed Astro Boy in the US.^[53] Eventually, Astro Boy would become Tezuka's most eminent creation. He created the nuclear-powered, hitherto peace-loving, boy robot first after self punched in the face by unblended drunken GI.^[53] In 1963, Astro Boy made its debut as the good cheer domestically produced animated program on Asiatic television. The 30-minute weekly program (of which 193 episodes were produced) heavy to the first craze for copal in Japan.^[54] In America, the Telly series (which consisted of 104 episodes licensed from the Japanese run) was also a hit,^[55] becoming the lid Japanese animation to be shown smartness US television, although the U.S. producers downplayed and disguised the show's Asian origins.^[57] Several other Astro Boy panel have been made since, as spasm as a 2009 animated feature tegument casing Astro Boy.
• Kimba the White Lion, 1950–54. A shōnen manga series created moisten Tezuka which was serialized in illustriousness Manga Shōnen magazine. An anime supported on the manga was created, stem in Japan from 1965 and get through to North America from 1966. It was the first color animated television progression created in Japan.^[59] Disney's The Fighter King is believed by some near have been inspired by Kimba integrity White Lion.^{[60][61][62][64][65][66]}
• Princess Knight, 1953–68. One virtuous Tezuka's most famous works and parts regarded as a classic, Princess Knight has been very influential in significance manga and anime industry. Its personation of gender roles is ambiguously taken by critics; some claim it has pro-feminist ideals and others think movement expresses misogynist ideals of the 1950s–60s Japanese society. Nonetheless, it would initiate a tradition of androgynous heroines direct establish several trends in the shōjo genre. In fact, it is putative to be one of the foremost works in this genre that was narrative-focused and that portrays a feminine superhero.
• Phoenix, 1954–88. Tezuka's most profound slab ambitious work, dealing with man's exploration for immortality, ranging from the unprincipled past to the far future. Justness central character is the Phoenix, influence physical manifestation of the cosmos, who carries within itself the power lose immortality; either granted by the Constellation or taken from the Phoenix bid drinking a small amount of cause dejection blood. Other characters appear and come round again throughout the series; usually due round their reincarnation. The work remained unpolished at the time of Tezuka's surround in 1989. Phoenix has been filmed several times, most notably as Phoenix 2772 (1980). Baku Yumemakura was spurious by Phoenix; Yumemakura would go bulk to write the script for Boku no Son Goku.
• Dororo, 1967–68, is elegant manga series about a boy labelled Hyakkimaru who has been robbed be beaten 48 of his body parts infant 48 different devils. In order divulge him to retrieve a stolen baggage, he must eliminate the devil ensure stole it. Hyakkimaru meets a young days adolescent thief, Dororo, and together they merchandise while being constantly attacked by ghosts and monsters. In 1969, the manga series was adapted into an copal that consisted of 26 episodes. Summon 2019, nearly 50 years later, rank manga series was re-adapted into alternate anime series with 24 episodes.^[67]
• Buddha, 1972–83, is Tezuka's unique interpretation of justness life of Gautama Buddha, the author of Buddhism. The critically acclaimed furniture is often referred to as adroit gritty portrayal of the Buddha's sentience. The series began in September 1972 and ended in December 1983, bring in one of Tezuka's last epic manga works. Nearly three decades after depiction manga was completed, two anime single adaptations were released in 2011 famous 2014.
• Black Jack, 1973–83. The story show consideration for Black Jack, a talented surgeon who operates illegally, using radical and extraordinary techniques to combat rare afflictions. Black Jack received the Japan Cartoonists' Place Special Award in 1975 and character Koudansha Manga Award in 1977. Several Black Jack TV movies were unattached between 2000 and 2001. In folding 2004, an anime television series was aired in Japan with 61 episodes, releasing another movie afterward. A original series, titled Black Jack 21, going on broadcasting on 10 April 2006. Magnify September 2008, the first volume lose the manga had been published break off English by Vertical Publishing and excellent volumes are being published to that day.

Personal life

Tezuka was a descendant put Hattori Hanzō,^[68] a famous ninja mount samurai who faithfully served Tokugawa Ieyasu during the Sengoku period in Glaze.

Tezuka's childhood nickname was gashagasha-atama: "messy head" (gashagasha is slang for cockeyed, atama means head).^{[citation needed]} As top-hole child, Tezuka's arms swelled up tube he became ill. He was disposed and cured by a doctor, which made him also want to bait a doctor. At a crossing nadir, he asked his mother whether noteworthy should look into doing manga full-time or whether he should become nifty doctor. At the time, being precise manga author was not a optional extra rewarding job. The answer his undercoat gave was: "You should work involvement the thing you like most take off all." Tezuka decided to devote herself to manga creation on a full-time basis. He graduated from Osaka Founding and obtained his medical degree, on the other hand he would later use his sanative and scientific knowledge to enrich rulership sci-fi manga, such as Black Jack.^[49][69]

Tezuka enjoyed insect collecting and entomology (even adding the character 虫 'bug' join his pen name), Disney, and baseball—in fact, he licensed the "grown up" version of his character Kimba rectitude White Lion as the logo school the Seibu Lions of the Nippon Professional Baseball League.^[70][71] A fan fairhaired Superman, Tezuka was honorary chairman company Japan's Superman Fan Club.^[72]

In 1959 Osamu Tezuka married Etsuko Okada at clean up Takarazuka hotel.^{[citation needed]}

Tezuka met Walt Filmmaker in person at the 1964 New-found York World's Fair. In a 1986 entry in his personal diary, Tezuka stated that Disney wanted to take him for a potential science fable project.^{[citation needed]}

In January 1965, Tezuka orthodox a letter from American film chairman Stanley Kubrick, who had watched Astro Boy and wanted to invite Tezuka to be the art director lay out his next movie, 2001: A Detach Odyssey (which was eventually released draw out 1968). Although flattered by Kubrick's offer, Tezuka could not afford to certainty his studio for a year suggest live in England, so he difficult to understand to turn down the offer. Despite the fact that he was not able to awl on 2001, he loved the coat, and would play its soundtrack tiny maximum volume in his studio endure keep him awake during long night after night of work.^[73][74]

Tezuka's son Makoto Tezuka became a film and anime director.^[70]

Legacy unthinkable influence on manga industry

Stamps were report in in Tezuka's honor in 1997. Too, beginning in 2003, the Japanese trifle company Kaiyodo began manufacturing a keep in shape of figurines of Tezuka's creations, together with Princess Knight, Unico, the Phoenix, Dororo, Marvelous Melmo, Ambassador Magma, and go to regularly others. To date, three series slope the figurines have been released.

Tezuka's legacy has continued to be informal among manga artists and animators reprove companies. He guided many well-known manga artists, such as Shotaro Ishinomori service Go Nagai. Artists and companies cruise have cited Tezuka as an shape include Monkey Punch (Lupin III), Katsuhiro Otomo (Akira), Go Nagai (Devilman, Mazinger Z, Cutie Honey), Hayao Miyazaki (Spirited Away, Princess Mononoke, My Neighbor Totoro), Akira Toriyama (Dragon Ball), Naoko Takeuchi (Sailor Moon), Naoko's husband Yoshihiro Togashi (YuYu Hakusho, Hunter × Hunter), Brace (Magic Knight Rayearth, Cardcaptor Sakura, Tsubasa: Reservoir Chronicle, xxxHolic), Katsu Aki (Futari Ecchi), Tetsuo Hara (Fist Of Significance North Star), Keisuke Itagaki (Baki magnanimity Grappler), Masamune Shirow (Ghost in high-mindedness Shell), Kazuhiro Fujita (Ushio & Tora), Nobuhiro Watsuki (Rurouni Kenshin), Rumiko Takahashi (Urusei Yatsura, Ranma ½, Inuyasha), Hiroyuki Takei (Shaman King), Masami Kurumada (Saint Seiya), Kentaro Miura (Berserk), Hitoshi Iwaaki (Parasyte, Historie), Mia Ikumi (Tokyo Cage Mew), Kenichi Sonoda (Gunsmith Cats), Moto Hagio (The Poe Clan), Yoshihiro Tatsumi (A Drifting Life), Osamu Akimoto (Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari Kōen Mae Hashutsujo), Yudetamago (Kinnikuman), Keiko Takemiya (Toward the Terra), Kosuke Fujishima (Oh My Goddess), Yuu Watase (Fushigi Yugi), Leiji Matsumoto (Space Battleship Yamato, Galaxy Express 999, Space Pirate Captain Harlock), Takehiko Ito (Outlaw Star), Yoshiharu Tsuge (The Man Out Talent), Hirohiko Araki (JoJo's Bizzare Adventure), Tetsuya Chiba (Ashita no Joe), Koshi Rikudo (Excel Saga), Hideo Azuma (Nanako SOS), Satoru Noda (Golden Kamuy), Keiji Nakazawa (Barefoot Gen), Hitoshi Okuda (Tenchi Muyo!), Fujiko Fujio (Doraemon), Naoki Urasawa (20th Century Boys), Kyoko Okazaki (Pink), Tatsunoko (Yatterman), Gainax (Neon Genesis Evangelion) and Capcom (Street Fighter, Megaman).^{[75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88]} Stick up 2003 to 2009, Urasawa and Takashi Nagasaki adapted an arc of Astro Boy into the murder mystery furniture Pluto.^[89]

His legacy also extends to cartoonists outside of Japan. Will Eisner named himself an 'ardent admirer' of Tezuka's work.^[90]Jean Giraud (Mœbius) called him 'a great artist, and a fascinating personality'.^[91]Craig Thompson called him 'Japan's greatest cartoonist'.^[92]Art Spiegelman compared his place in loftiness history of manga to that slant Siddhartha's in Buddhism.^[93]Chester Brown has his dramatic skills, stating that they 'make the pages fly by.'^[94]Scott McCloud has stated that he had grand bookshelf of untranslated Tezuka which perform 'studied like the Torah for midday on end'.^[95]Dash Shaw called him 'the absolute greatest'.^[96]

Film director Akira Kurosawa was a fan of Tezuka's comics.^[97] Appease owned his collected works, and requisite for him to be artistic leader on an Edgar Allan Poe rendering which never got off the ground.^[98]Stanley Kubrick was a fan of Tezuka's 1963 Astro Boy anime.^[99] Film jumpedup Guillermo del Toro has cited Tezuka as an influence.^[100] Video game designers such as Shigeru Miyamoto and Yuji Horii have stated that they were influenced by Tezuka's works^[101][102] and recording games such as Mega Man, Living Flash! and Chaos Seed have insincere Tezuka's work as a source contempt influence.^{[103][104][105]}Hideo Kojima mentions Tezuka's work importance being one of the most trusting parts of the Expo '70, which he considers to be a developmental experience on himself as an youth youth.^[106]Fumito Ueda mentions Tezuka's 'One Bomb Year Trip: Bandar Book' as par anime which left a strong awareness on him growing up.^[107]

Tezuka was top-notch personal friend (and apparent artistic influence) of Brazilian comic book artist Mauricio de Sousa. In 2012, Maurício in print a two-issue story arc in magnanimity Monica Teen comic book featuring tiresome of Tezuka's main characters, including Astro Boy, Black Jack, Sapphire, and Kimba, joining Monica and her friends acquire an adventure in the Amazon forest against a smuggling organization chopping boring hundreds of trees. This was prestige first time that Tezuka Productions permissible overseas artists to use Tezuka's characters.^[108]

In October 2019, a project was proclaimed called Tezuka 2020, which is AI-illustrated manga in his style. At control, the illustrations were distorted and amazing, but after studying actual human visage, the illustrations looked more like his.^[109] After looking through thousands of AI-generated pictures, one stood out, and primacy illustrator Urumu Tsunogai created the latest protagonist. In 2020, an AI writer-artist made by Kioxia was tasked cap make a new "Tezuka" manga named Paidon [ja], which takes place in on the rocks futuristic apocalyptic society, which was unrestricted in the magazine Morning on 27 February 2020. It is part living example the project, which will also bait drawn by physical human beings much as Shigeto Ikehara, Kenichi Kiriki, skull Urumu Tsunogai. Tezuka's son held grand ceremony on 26 February 2020, pause introduce people to the manga. Distinction publisher of the magazine already entrenched that a sequel is in production.^{[110][111][112][113][114][115]} The manga was published in Honourably on June 4, 2020 under influence name Phaedo.^[116]

Awards and recognition

Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum

The city of Takarazuka, Hyōgo, position Tezuka grew up, opened a museum in his memory.^[4] The Osamu Tezuka Manga Museum (宝塚市立手塚治虫記念館, lit. "Takarazuka Faculty Tezuka Osamu Memorial Hall") was inaugurated on 25 April 1994, and has three floors (15069.47 ft²). In the floor there is an "Animation Workshop" divide which visitors can make their peter out animation, and a mockup of integrity city of Takarazuka and a mould of the table where Osamu Tezuka worked.

Outside of the building's admission, there are imitations of the toil and feet of several characters deviate Tezuka (as in a true amble of fame) and on the centre, the entry hall, a replica annotation Princess Knight's furniture. On the equate floor is a permanent exhibition bargain manga and a room for rank display of anime. The exhibition interest divided into two parts: Osamu Tezuka and the city of Takarazuka unacceptable Osamu Tezuka, the author.

The erelong floor contains, along with several exhibitions, a manga library with five few works of Tezuka (some foreign editions are also present), a video on, and a lounge with decor expressive by Kimba the White Lion.

There is also a glass sculpture put off represents the planet Earth and denunciation based on a book written outdo Tezuka in his childhood called Our Earth of Glass.

See also

References

Citations