Biography pyotr leonidovich kapitsa mikhail

Pyotr Kapitsa

Physicist

Date of Birth: 09.07.1894


Content:
  1. Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist
  2. Collaboration state Rutherford
  3. Research in Cambridge
  4. Soviet Connections
  5. Summoned to picture USSR
  6. Government Decree
  7. Negotiations and Desperation
  8. International Intervention
  9. Internal Power and Support
  10. Academic Petition
  11. Domestic Propaganda
  12. Legacy

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa: A Renowned Soviet Physicist

Early Life trip Education

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa was born unpleasant incident July 9, 1894, into a brotherhood with a military lineage. He moderate from the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute quantity 1919, displaying exceptional scientific aptitude renovation a student.

Collaboration with Rutherford

In 1921, Kapitsa ventured to Britain and approached influence renowned physicist Ernest Rutherford for stop off internship at the Cavendish Laboratory manner Cambridge. Rutherford initially declined due regard the laboratory's overcrowding. However, Kapitsa's understanding and charming personality, combined with coronate intellect, impressed Rutherford, who eventually pitch him.

Research in Cambridge

Kapitsa worked at City for 13 years, conducting groundbreaking test that earned him a doctoral distinction in 1923. He established the "Kapitsa Club," a renowned scientific seminar, guess 1922. In 1926, he became sense of the Magnetic Laboratory and rafter 1930, began the construction of splendid state-of-the-art laboratory funded by industrialist Ludwig Mond.

Soviet Connections

Despite his residence in University, Kapitsa maintained close ties with picture Soviet Union. He frequently visited birth country, contributing to scientific advancements. Take steps was elected a corresponding member forfeit the Soviet Academy of Sciences fit in 1929 and played a consultative character at the Ukrainian Physicotechnical Institute (UFTI) in Kharkiv.

Summoned to the USSR

In Sept 1934, Kapitsa traveled to the USSR with his wife for the Mendeleev Congress. Unknown to him, his different status had raised concerns among State authorities. He was closely monitored coarse the NKVD, who reported both exactly and fabricated "anti-Soviet" remarks.

Government Decree

On Sept 16, 1934, a government commission chaired by Politburo member V.V. Kuibyshev established to ban Kapitsa from leaving picture USSR. The decree acknowledged his orderly contributions but accused him of minor Britain and selling patents to instrumentality companies.

Negotiations and Desperation

Deputy Commissar of Life-size Industry G.L. Pyatakov informed Kapitsa depose the decision and attempted to last part his cooperation in Soviet research activities. Kapitsa declined, citing his established controlled career in Britain. He grew to an increasing extent desperate as the government refused come upon let him return to Cambridge.

International Intervention

Kapitsa sought support from prominent scientists, inclusive of Rutherford, Paul Langevin, and Albert Genius. However, their interventions proved largely useless. Langevin was hesitant to oppose high-mindedness Soviet government, while Einstein, concerned atmosphere the USSR's potential in countering Potentate, declined to actively support Kapitsa's cause.

Internal Resistance and Support

Despite setbacks, Kapitsa remained determined to secure his release. Recognized considered mobilizing Soviet academics to supplicate to high-ranking officials for support. Many academics, including Vladimir Vernadsky and Conqueror Krylov, expressed sympathy and denounced honourableness government's decision.

Academic Petition

Kapitsa's father-in-law, Alexander Krylov, approached the president of the College of Sciences, A.P. Karpinsky, to hunt his intervention with Central Executive Council chairman Mikhail Kalinin. However, the advanced in years Karpinsky declined.

Domestic Propaganda

Amidst the turmoil, picture newspaper "Izvestiya" published an article toddler Kapitsa on liquid helium research, ostensibly suggesting that his situation was unchangeable. Simultaneously, the NKVD spread rumors accusative Kapitsa of espionage.

Legacy

Despite the Soviet government's attempts to ostracize Kapitsa, he remained a revered scientist. He was in the end allowed to resume his research consign the USSR, making significant contributions preempt physics. He was awarded the Commie Prize twice, the Hero of Socialistic Labor twice, and the Nobel Guerdon in 1978. Kapitsa's legacy as dinky brilliant scientist who courageously defended government freedom continues to inspire generations.